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				<publisherName>Zibeline International Publishing</publisherName>
				<title type="subject" xml:lang="en" sort="Water Conservation and Management">Water Conservation and Management</title>
				 <abbrev_title>Water conserv. manag.</abbrev_title> 
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			<issn type="online">2523-5672</issn>
			<issn type="print">2523-5664</issn>
			<titleGroup>
				<title type="title">MAGNETIC TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER REDUCES HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS</title>
			</titleGroup>
			
			<copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2025 Zibeline International Publishing</copyright>
			<doi origin="razipublishing" registered="yes">https://doi.org/10.26480/wcm.04.2025.689.701</doi>
			
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				<event type="publication_date" date="09-11-2025"/>
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			<creators>
				<creator xml:id="SFS" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Rusul Fadhel Suboh</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
                <creator xml:id="SAKA" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Seroor Atalah Khaleefa Ali</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator>
                <creator xml:id="TFC" creatorRole="editor">
					<personName>
						<editorNames>Tasnim Fahem Chyad</editorNames>
					</personName>
				</creator> 
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		<citation_keywords>
		    <keyword>Magnetic treatment, Wastewater, Heavy metal, Lead (pb+2), Nickel (Ni+2)</keyword>
		</citation_keywords>
			
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		     <pdf_url>https://www.watconman.org/archives-pdf/4wcm2025/4wcm2025-689-701.pdf</pdf_url>
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	   <citation_volume>
	       <volume>9</volume>
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	   <citation_issue>
	        <issue>4</issue>
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	   <citation_pages>
	      <pages>689-701</pages>
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			<title type="main">Summary</title>
			
					<p>This study investigates the effectiveness of magnetic treatment as an eco-friendly technique for reducing heavy metal concentrations in wastewater. A laboratory-scale magnetic treatment device was designed with three parallel PVC pipes exposed to different magnetic field intensities (1000, 3000, and 5000 G). Wastewater samples were tested before and after treatment to evaluate variations in lead (Pb²⁺) and nickel (Ni²⁺) concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed a significant reduction in Pb and Ni concentrations, which increased with higher magnetic field intensity, longer exposure time, and alkaline conditions (pH 10). The findings demonstrate that magnetic treatment provides a sustainable, low-energy, and non-chemical approach to improving wastewater quality and reducing heavy metal pollution</p>
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