wcm.04.2025.644.649

Uzbekistan, an arid region in Central Asia, faces significant challenges due to water scarcity and climate change, which jeopardize agricultural productivity and food security. The average air temperature in the Bukhara region, a key agricultural area, increased by 1.18 ℃ from 1941–1985 to 1986–2020. This necessitates the urgent adoption of sustainable water conservation practices. This research aimed to assess the impact of climate change on the Bukhara region’s water resources, conduct hydromodule zoning of irrigated lands using GIS technology, and develop optimized parameters for water-saving irrigation technologies, specifically drip and sprinkler systems, for key crops like cotton and winter wheat.The study utilized B.A. Dospehov’s multifactorial method, SPSS, and ArcGIS software. Hydromodule zoning maps were created by integrating data on groundwater and soil mechanical composition. In medium sandy soils, optimized drip irrigation for cotton, with droppers consuming 1.8 l/h spaced 30 cm apart along 90 cm rows, was irrigated 14 times per season with a total rate of 3563 m3/ha. This technique yielded 46,300–46,500 kg/ha and achieved a water saving of 32–36% compared to conventional methods. For winter wheat, sprinkler irrigation with pre-irrigation soil moisture kept at 70–80–65% of limited field moisture capacity resulted in a grain yield of 66,700 kg/ha. This method, irrigated 12 times a season, saved 2194 m3/ha of water, or 42% less compared to furrow irrigation. The findings underscore the potential of advanced irrigation technologies to enhance water efficiency and crop productivity under arid conditions, providing scientific recommendations for sustainable water-energy-agricultural food production