wcm.01.2026.09.14

Access to a sustainable water supply remains a critical challenge in rural areas, particularly in remote communities with limited infrastructure. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) technology via microcontroller-based automation system designed to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of water supply micro-plants. The proposed system integrates a Raspberry Pi, an ADS1263 analog-to-digital converter, a water level sensor, a water pump, and an IoT platform (ThingSpeak) to monitor and control water levels of reservoir/tank in real-time. By automating pump operation based on water tank levels, the system minimizes manual intervention, ensures efficient water usage, and provides remote accessibility for monitoring. A case study conducted in Kg. Lok Dangkaan, Pitas, Malaysia, demonstrates the system’s effectiveness in ensuring consistent water availability. The findings indicate that automation significantly improves operational efficiency, minimizes water wastage, and supports sustainable water management practices in rural settings. This research contributes to the development of cost-effective, scalable, and technology-driven solutions for addressing water scarcity in underserved communities with further development in the future.